A Small intro...

Hello Reader/Observer,

This edutainment package was created to aid persons who want to know how to Dj or dream to be a DJ, aspire to be the best Dj, persons who are stuck in some point of the process of learn, you name it, as long as they are newbies they fit perfectly in. It is its main goal to help the student to understand the four W´s: What, when , who and why, in the case we can also add and what gear?

Some Information...

Edutainment:
Edutainment (also educational entertainment or entertainment-education) is a form of entertainment designed to educate as well as to amuse. Edutainment typically seeks to instruct or socialize its audience by embedding lessons in some familiar form of entertainment: television programs, computer and video games, films, music, websites, multimedia software, etc. Examples might be guided nature tours that entertain while educating participants on animal life and habitats, or a video game that teaches children conflict resolution skills.
DJ defenition:
A disc jockey (also known as disk jockey, DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience. Originally, disk referred to phonograph records, while disc refers to the Compact Disc, and has become the more common spelling.

Types of DJ´s
There are several types of disc jockeys. Radio DJs introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, shortwave, digital, or internet radio stations. Club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs, discothèques, at raves, or even in a stadium. Hip-hop disc jockeys select and play music using multiple turntables, often to backup one or more MCs, and they may also do turntable scratching to create percussive sounds. In reggae, the disc jockey (deejay) is a vocalist who raps, "toasts", or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks while the individual choosing and playing them is referred to as a selector.[1] Mobile disc jockeys travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events.
DJ equipment may consist of:
* Sound recordings in a DJ's preferred medium (e.g., vinyl records, Compact Discs, computer media files, etc.);
* A combination of two devices (or only one, if playback is digital) to play sound recordings, for alternating back and forth to create a continuous playback of music (e.g., record players, Compact Disc players, computer media players such as an MP3 player, etc.);
* A sound system for amplification or broadcasting of the recordings (e.g., portable audio system, PA system) or a radio broadcasting system;
* A DJ mixer, which is an electronic (usually 2- or 4-channel) audio mixer with a crossfader used to smoothly go from one song to another, using two or more playback devices;
* Headphones, used to listen to one recording while the other recording is being played to the audience; and
* Optionally, a microphone, so that the DJ can introduce songs and speak to the audience.
Other equipment could or can be added to the basic DJ setup (above), providing unique sound manipulations. Such devices include, but are not limited to:

* Electronic effects units (delay, reverb, octave, equalizer, chorus, etc.). Some club DJs use a sub-harmonic synthesizer effect which either doubles low frequencies with energy added an octave lower or synthesizes harmonics such that the impression of a very low bass sound is added to the mix.
* A computerised performance system, which can be used with vinyl emulation software to manipulate digital files on the computer in real time.
* Multi-stylus headshells, which allow a DJ to play different grooves of the same record at the same time.
* Special DJ digital controller hardware can manipulate digital files on a PC or laptop;
* Samplers, sequencers, electronic musical keyboards (synthesizers), or drum machines.

In wikipedia.com

The Bibliography is ocated in the end of the blogg page.

THIS IS THE STUFF!!

I mean if you are starting, just know that if you like CD´s you will like this!



follow this link for massive amount of information on DJing

Old School Hip Hop

DJ Roc Raida Breaks Down Bodytricks - Watch a funny movie here

Live tutorial - How to DJ part 1

Download Ableton live here

Download Native Instruments Traktor here

Follow this tutorial to became a master! :) just access this video and follow the rest



Ableton Tutorial - DJ'ing Live Part 1 - The best home videos are here

Cool Tricks

Awsome DJ Skills - Funny videos are here

JUST FOR FUN!!

Just for the fun of it!!




TIESTO HAS THIS TO SAY...

Gustavo Bravetti - Alternative Controllers @ Tribaltech 2009 (SC edition) from Gustavo Bravetti on Vimeo.

DJ Eskimo Live @ Some Festival - The best video clips are right here

Bibliography for further research...

you can just use google and search it yourself but here it goes :)

Ableton. (2009). Download section. Online on http://www.ableton.com/downloads Accessed in 16June 2009

BBC. (2009). Rock Djing – How to be a big Rock DJ. Online on: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/onemusic/exposed/rockdj245p01.shtml Accessed in 23th of June 2009

CBS News. (2004). Turntablism 101: The turntable as an instrument. Online on:
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/03/25/sunday/main608774.shtml
Accessed in: 23th of June 2009

Djmag. 2009. Top Chart. Online on:http://www.djmag.com Accessed in 21st of June 2009
Dictionary.com. (2009) Defenition of software. Online on: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/software Accessed in: 23 June of 2009

Djforums. (2009). Content .Accessed on http://www.djforums.com/content/ Online on: 21st of June 2009

Djresource.eu. (2009). Downloads. Online on: http://www.djresource.eu/Downloads/ Accessed in: 21st of June 2009

David L. H. P. Rillero. (1994). Perspectives of Hands-On Science Teaching – Questions and answers, Online on: 23th of June 2009

http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/science/eric/eric-1.htm Accessed in: 21 of June 2009

Fernandes V, (2009) Edutainment pacakages for Djs Homepage. Online on: http://edutainmentpackagefordjs.blogspot.com/ Accessed in: 24 of June 2009

Guittarojam.com. (2009). Scratch and Turntablism a true Art. Online on:http://news.guitarojam.com/performinggigs/scratch-and-turntablism-a-true-art-125/ Accessed in: 21st of June 2009

Hough D. (2009). How to become a top Dj The free guide. Software Tutorial http://www.make-your-own-dance-and-techno-songs.com/free-dj-software.html
Accessed in: 22th of June 2009


Instinct Music. (2009). The Black Dogs. Online on: http://www.instinctmusic.com/actDetails.php?aid=1105&sid=41 Accessed in: 22th of June 2009

Native Instruments. (2009). Products. Online on: http://www.native-instruments.com/#/en/products/dj/ Accessed in: 24th of June 2009

Souvignier, T. (2003). The world of DJs and the turntable culture. Milwaukee: Hal

Pacemaker. (2009). Homepage. Online on: http://mix.pacemaker.net/ Accessed in 12 June 2009

Soundcloud.com. (2009). Homepage, Online on: http://soundcloud.com [Accessed in 17 June 2009]

Myspace.com. (2009). Subscribe Online on: http://www.myspace.com Acessed in 12 June 2009

Mandrick, (2009) Tutorials. Online on:http://www.djmandrick.com/ Accessed in: 12 June 2009

Numark. (2009). Homepage Online on:http://www.numark.com/en/index.php Accessed in 23 of June 2009

Pavlina S. (2009). Personal Development for Smart People. Online on: http://www.stevepavlina.com/blog/2007/01/my-experience-of-creativity/ Accessed on 20th of June 2009

Pioneer. (2009). Products Online on:http://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Products/ProDJ Accessed in 17 of June 2009

Serato. (2009). Scratch Live. Online on:http://www.serato.com/scratchlive Accessed in 18 of June 2009

Webber, S. (2003). Turntable technique: The art of the DJ. Boston: Berklee Press Publications.

HIP HOP HISTORY

a little time line HISTORY of HIP HOP...



1940: Tom the Great (a.k.a. Thomas Wong) uses a booming sound system to please his audience. Wong also utilizes hip American records to steal music-lovers from local bands.

1950: The Soundclash contest between Coxsone Dodd’s “Downbeat” and Duke Reid’s “Trojan” gives birth to DJ Battling.

1956: Clive Campbell is born in Kingston, Jamaica. Campbell would later become the father of hip-hop.

1959: Parks Commissioner Robert Moses starts building an expressway in the Bronx. Consequently, middle class Germans, Irish, Italians, and Jewish, neighborhoods disappear in no time. Businesses relocate away from the borough only to be replaced by impoverished black and Hispanic families. Along with these poor people came addiction, crime, and unemployment.

1962:James Brown records Live At The Apollo. Brown’s drummer Clayton Fillyau influences a sound that is now known as the break beat. The break beat would later inspire the b-boy movement, as breakers danced to these beats at block parties.

1965: In a historic boxing bout, Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Clay) defeats Sonny Liston in the 6th round. Before the bout, however, Ali recited one of the earliest known rhymes:

Clay comes out to meet Liston
And Liston starts to retreat
If Liston goes back any further
He'll end up in a ringside seat.
Clay swings with a left,
Clay swings with a right,
Look at young Cassius
Carry the fight.
Liston keeps backing
But there's not enough room
It's a matter of time...

1967: Clive Campbell migrates to the United States at the age of 11. Because of his size, kids at Alfred E. Smith High School nickname him Hercules. He would later become a writer and change his name to Kool Herc.

1968: A gang named Savage Seven would hit the streets of the East Bronx. Savage Seven later transforms into Black Spades, before eventually becoming an organization known as Zulu Nation.

1969: James Brown records two songs that would further influence the drum programming in today’s rap – “Sex Machines” with John Starks playing the drums and “Funky Drummer” with Clyde Stubblefield on the drums.

1970: DJ U-Roy invades Jamaican pop charts with three top ten songs using a style known as toasting. The Last Poets release their self-titled debut album on Douglas Records combining jazz instrumentations with heartfelt spoken word. (The Last Poets would later appear on Common’s 2005 rap anthem, “The Corner.")

1971: Aretha Franklin records a well-known b-boy song “Rock Steady." The Rock Steady crew would go on to rule in the world of break-dancing, with members all across the globe.

1972: The Black Messengers (a group that staged performances for The Black Panthers and rallies relating to black power movement) feature on The Gong Show.
However, they are only allowed to perform under the alias "Mechanical Devices," because of their controversial name.

1973: DJ Kool Herc deejays his first block party (his sister's birthday) at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Bronx, NY. Herc would often buy two copies of a record and stretch the break parts by using two turntables and mixing in both records before the break ends. The Zulu Nation is officially formed by a student of Stevenson High school named Kevin Donovan. Donovan later changed his name to Afrika Bambaataa Aasim in honor of an ancient Zulu chief.

1974: After seeing DJ Kool Herc perform at block parties, Grandmaster Caz, Grandmaster Flash, and Afrika Bambaataa start playing at parties all over the Bronx neighborhoods. Around this time, DJ/MC/Crowd Pleaser Lovebug Starski starts referring to this culture as "hip-hop."

1975:

* Herc is hired as a DJ at the Hevalo Club.
* He later gets Coke La Rock to utter crowd-pleasing rhymes at parties (e.g."DJ Riz is in the house and he'll turn it out without a doubt"). Coke La Rock and Clark Kent form the first emcee team known as Kool Herc & The Herculoids.
* DJ Grand Wizard Theodore accidentally invents 'the scratch.' While trying to hold a spinning record in place in order to listen to his mom, who was yelling at him, Grand Wizard accidentally caused the record to produce the “shigi-shigi” sound that is now known as the scratch. Scratch is the crux of modern deejaying.

1976: DJ Afrika Bambaataa performs at the Bronx River Center. Bambaataa’s first battle against Disco King Mario sparks off the DJ battling that is now embedded in the culture.

1977:

* The Rock Steady Crew (the most respected b-boy crew in history) is formed by the original four members: JoJo, Jimmy Dee, Easy Mike, and P-Body.
* DJ Kool Herc is nearly stabbed to death at one of his parties. Although the assault placed a permanent dent on Herc's career, Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa, Disco Wiz (the first Latino DJ), and Disco King Mario kept performing around town.

1978:

* Kurtis Blow, who was being managed by Russell Simmons, decides to hire Simmons’ brother, Run, as his DJ.
* Run was so-called because he could cut so fast between two turntables.
* Kurtis would later become the first rapper to be signed to a major record deal.
* Music industry coins the term "rap music," and shifts its focus toward emcees.
* Grandmaster Caz (aka Cassanova Fly) and Bambaataa engage in a battle at the Police Athletic League.
1979:

* Grandmaster Flash forms one of the most influential rap groups ever, The Furious 5: Grandmaster Flash (Joseph Saddler), Melle Mel (Melvin Glover), Kidd Creole (Nathaniel Glover), Cowboy (Keith Wiggins), Raheim (Guy Williams), and Mr. Ness (Eddie Morris).
* Around the same time, another great rap crew – The Cold Crush Four – was formed, comprising of Charlie Chase, Tony Tone, Grand Master Caz, Easy Ad, JDL, and Almighty KG.
* The first rap record by a non-rap group “King Tim III” is recorded by the Fatback Band.
* Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper's Delight” would go on to become the first known rap hit, reaching #36 on Billboard.
* Various obscure rap singles were also released: Grandmaster Flash & The Furious 5’s “Super-rappin” and Spoonie Gee’s “Spoonin’ Rap” both on Enjoy Records, Kurtis Blow’s “Christmas Rappin” on Mercury Records, and Jimmy Spicer’s 13-minute long storytelling track “Adventures of Super Rhymes” on Dazz Records.
* Mr. Magic’s ‘Rap Attack’ becomes the first hip-hop radio show on WHBI.

1980:

* Afrika Bambaata and the Zulu Nation release their first 12" called Zulu Nation Throwdown Pt. 1 on Paul Winley Records.
* Kurtis Blow, the first rapper to appear on national television (Soul Train), releases "The Breaks" on Mercury Records. The record goes on to sell more than a million copies. Hip-hop gradually evolves into big business.
* After meeting Fab 5 Freddy and others, Blonde releases "Rapture" featuring rap vocals by lead singer Debbie Harry.

1981:

* Grandmaster Flash releases “The Adventures of Grand Master Flash on the Wheels of Steel," the first record to ultimately capture the sounds of live DJ scratching on wax.
* On February 14th, The Funky 4 plus One More perform their classic hit, “That's The Joint” on NBC's Saturday Night Live becoming the first hip hop group to appear on national television.
* The Beastie Boys are formed. The group consists of Adam Horovitz (King Ad-Rock), Adam Yauch (MCA), Michael Diamon (Mike D).

1982:

* Afrika Bambaataa and the Soul Sonic Force release the techno-heavy “Planet Rock” on Tommy Boy Records. The record samples portions of Kraftwerk's "Trans-Europe Express."
* Grandmaster Flash & the Furious 5 release “The Message” on Sugarhill Records.
* Kool Moe Dee humiliates Busy Bee in a spontaneous rap battle. Since then, emcee battling has become an inseparable part of hip-hop.
* Fab 5 Freddy and Charlie Ahearn co-produce Wild Style, a hip-hop film featuring Cold Crush Brothers, Grandmaster Flash, Grandwizard Theodore, DJ AJ, Grandmixer D.S.T, graf writers Lee, Zephyr, Fab 5 Freddy, Lady Pink, Crash, Daze, Dondi, and members of the Rock Steady Crew. Wild Style has since inspired several other hip-hop-themed movies.

1983:

* Ice T helps pioneer gangsta rap in the west coast with his rapcore singles “Body Rock" and "Killers."
* Grand Master Flash and Melle Mel (Furious 5) record the anti-cocaine single “White Lines (Don't Do It)," which becomes a rap hit.
* Grandmaster Flash later sues Sugarhill Records for $5 million in royalties. The dispute causes the group to break up, signaling the looming danger of corporate control in hip-hop.
* Run DMC releases “It's Like That" b/w "Sucker MC's."

1984

* Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin team up to launch one of the most important record labels ever, Def Jam Records. Def Jam releases its first record, “It’s Yours” by T La Rock, followed by LL Cool J’s “I Need A Beat."
* Hip-hop discovers that touring is a great way to generate income, as the Fresh Fest concert featuring Whodini, Kurtis Blow, Fat Boys, and Run DMC, reels in $3.5 million for 27 dates.
* Battle rap assumes the spotlight in hip-hop, as UTFO’s “Roxanne Roxanne” diss song attracts over 100 responses.
* The most popular response came from a 14-year old female named Roxanne Shante. Shante’s “Roxanne’s Revenge” allegedly recorded in Marley Marl’s living room sold more than 250,000 copies.
* Dougie Fresh (aka The Entertainer) releases The Original Human Beat Box (Vindertainment Records).
* Michael Jackson does 'the moonwalk' at the Grammys, borrowing b-boy dance elements from LA breakers.

1985

* Sugarhill Records goes into bankruptcy and is forced out of business.
* Salt ‘n’ Pepa make their first appearance on Super Nature’s “The Show Stopper."

1986

*
* The Beastie Boys release Licensed To Ill on Def Jam (executive-produced by Rick Rubin).
* James Smith, a native of Houston, Texas, assembles The Geto Boys. The original lineup consisted of MCs Raheim, Jukebox, DJ Ready Red, and Sir Rap-A-Lot.
* The group also featured Little Billy, a dancing dwarf who later picked up the microphone as Bushwick Bill.
* Following a short break-up in 1988, Smith invited local emcee Willie D and multi-instrumentalist Akshun (later known as Scarface) to complete the lineup.
* The Geto Boys (now made up of Scarface, Willie D, and Bushwick Bill) was a driving force in the evolution of southern rap.

1987

* Following the release of Boogie Down Productions’ Criminal Minded LP, Scott LaRock is shot and killed in the South Bronx while attempting to settle a dispute.
* Public Enemy stuns the world with their introductory album, Yo! Bum Rush The Show, signaling the genesis of politically-charged hip-hop.
* The original members of the group include Chuck D (Carlton Ridenhour), Flavor Flav (William Drayton), Professor Griff (Richard Griffin), and DJ Terminator X (Norman Rogers).

1988

* After years of being neglected by the mainstream media, hip-hop gets its own show on MTV, "Yo! MTV Raps."
* N.W.A pioneers the gangsta rap movement with their gold album, Straight Outta Compton.
* Def Jam founders Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin part ways; Simmons opts for distribution through CBS/Columbia Records, while Rubin goes on to found Def American.
* Landmark album releases: Ultramagnetic MC’s – Critical Breakdown, and Big Daddy Kane – Long Live The Kane.

1989

* After a life-long battle with crack addiction, Cowboy, a member of Grandmaster Flash’s Furious 5 dies at the age of 28.
* A group of high school friends join the Native Tongues as promoters of the Afrocentricity Movement to make African-Americans aware of their heritage.
* These Manhattan-based friends would later form A Tribe Called Quest (Q-Tip, Ali Shaheed Muhammad, Phife Dawg, and Jarobi).
* A Dallas-based protégé of Dr. Dre known as D.O.C releases No One Can Do It Better. While the album was making rounds on the charts, D.O.C. found himself in a severe car crash.
* While D.O.C. survived the accident, his rap career didn't.

1990

* 2 Pac joins Digital Underground as a dancer and a roadie.
* The "Stretch & Bobbito Show" is launched.
* Both a Florida record store owner and Luther Campbell are arrested over 2 Live Crew’s controversial album, As Nasty as They Wanna Be.

1991

* N.W.A’s sophomore album N****z For Life sells over 954,000 copies in its first week of release, reaching #1 on the pop charts. The album paves way for many more hardcore rap albums that would follow.
* Busta Rhymes appears on A Tribe Called Quest’s “Scenario.”
* Cypress Hill (B-Real, DJ Muggs, and Sen Dog) release their self-titled debut, and initiate a campaign to legalize hemp.
* The Notorious B.I.G. is featured in the “Unsigned Hype” column of The Source magazine.

1993

* A Tribe Called Quest release their third album, Midnight Marauders, featuring a who-is-who-in-hip-hop album cover.
* Dr. Dre’s The Chronic attains multi-platinum status.
* Wu-Tang Clan release 36 Chambers. The line-up consists of Prince Rakeem (The RZA), Raekwon, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Method Man, Ghostface Killah, Genius (GZA), U-God, Master Killa and Inspectah Deck.
* Mobb Deep (Prodigy and Havoc) release their debut LP, Juvenile Hell.

1994

* Nas’ first entry, Illmatic goes gold and is widely received as one of the greatest hip-hop albums ever.
* Common releases Resurrection and is lauded as an intelligent lyricist.
* Warren G’s Regulate: The G-Funk Era is certified 4x platinum.
* 2 Pac is robbed and shot 5 times in a New York recording studio. He recovers from the shooting. Pac is later sentenced to 8 months in prison.

1995

* Queen Latifah wins a Grammy award in the "Best Rap Solo Performance" category for her hit “Unity.”
* 2 Pac signs a deal with Death Row Records after Suge Knight posts a $1.4 million bail.
* Eric Wright (Eazy-E of N.W.A) dies of AIDS on March 20th at the age of 31.

1996

* The Score, a fusion of conscious lyrics with reggae-tinged soulsonics, becomes The Fugees' biggest album. The album debuts at No.1 and grabs two Grammys, thus, breathing a new life into socially aware hip-hop.
* The Music of Black Origin (MOBO) Awards are launched in the U.K. The Fugees walk away with two trophies.
* Jay-Z drops his highly-lauded debut, Reasonable Doubt. His "charismatic rapper" approach would later spawn throngs of emulators.
* 24-year old Snoop Dogg and his bodyguard McKinley Lee are acquitted of the murder of Philip Woldemariam, a 20-year-old Ethiopian immigrant gunned down in August 1993.
* On September 7th, Tupac Shakur is fatally wounded after sustaining multiple gunshots as he rode in a car driven by Death Row Records CEO Marion "Suge" Knight near the Las Vegas strip. Tupac died 5 days later. His death rekindled the debate on whether rap promotes violence or just reflects the ugly side of the streets.

1997

* The Notorious B.I.G. (born Christopher Wallace), is shot and killed March 9, after a party at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles. Like Pac's murder, Biggie's death is still an unsolved mystery.
* Missy Misdemeanor Elliott redefines hip-hop and R & B with her first album, Supa Dupa Fly. Having broken barriers as a successful female producer, Missy would go on to become the highest selling female rapper of all time.
* Parent company Interscope Records sells its interest in Death Row Records and severes ties with the label.
* Chicago MC Juice defeats Eminem on his way to winning the year's Scribble Jam competition. (Scribble Jam is the largest showcase of underground hip-hop in the United States.)
* Roc-A-Fella sells a 50 percent stake to Island Def Jam for $1.5 million.

1998

* Dr. Dre inks Eminem to his Aftermath imprint.
* Lauryn Hill's solo debut, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, scores her 11 Grammy nominations and 5 wins, including Album of the Year and Best New Artist.
* "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)" marks the beginning of Jay-Z's mainstream breakthrough and helps move 5 million units of Vol 2: Hardknock Life. The chorus is sampled from the Broadway play "Annie."
* Shyne (born Jamal Barrow) signs a lucrative record deal with Diddy's Bad Boy Entertainment.

1999

* Backed by producer Dr. Dre, Eminem zooms past racial hurdles and sells 4 million copies of his debut, The Slim Shady LP.
* Production duo The Neptunes (Chad Hugo & Pharrell Williams) dominate the airwave with a string of radio hits, including Kelis' "Caught Out There," ODB's "Got Your Money," Noreaga's "Oh No," and Mase's "One Big Fiesta." Their infectious, bling-tinged sound would later become an unofficial requisite on hip-hop albums.
* Dr. Dre puts the west coast back on the spotlight with his comeback LP 2001.

2000

* Dr. Dre files a lawsuit against MP3-swapping firm Napster.
* Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney holds the first Hip-Hop Powershop summit to address the various political, economic, and social issues affecting the youth.
* DJ Craze wins the Technics DMC World DJ Championship 3 consecutive times.
* Eminem, through the release of his well received second album Marshall Mathers LP, solidifies his place as rap's future great. The title sells 1.76 million copies in its first week and later scores two Grammys for the rapper.

2001

* Puff Daddy reveals in an MTV interview that he will now be known as P. Diddy.
* Eminem pleads guilty to one of two felony charges from an incident in 2000 when he pistol-whipped a man caught kissing wife Kim Mathers.
* Prosecutors drop the felony assault charge in exchange for Eminem's guilty plea on carrying a concealed weapon.
* On the heels of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York, two of the city's most revered rappers Jay-Z and Nas are in a different New York state of mind. After years of subliminal sniping, they finally take the gloves off and engage in a highly controversial lyrical face-off.
* After Nas dropped "Ether," an earth-shattering response to Jay's equally venemous "Takeover," Jay re-emerges with "Super Ugly," (rhymed over Nas' "Got Yourself a Gun") in which Hov spilled his sexual relationship with Nas' baby-mama to disgusting effect. New York's Hot 97 FM asks call-in voters to decide a winner.
* As votes are being tallied, Jay rushes to Hot 97 and offers an apology for the kiss-and-tell lyrics. His apology fails to deny Nas an outstanding victory. Regardless, fans would forever debate the battle.

2002

* DJ Jam Master Jay of Run-DMC is shot and killed in a Queens studio on October 30. No one has been convicted of his murder.
* Hip-hop feuds: Nelly vs. KRS-One, Eminem vs. The Source magazine, Jermaine Dupri vs. Dr. Dre, etc
* The rapping member of TLC, Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes, dies in a car crash while traveling with seven other people.
* Malik B is booted from The Roots following a drug use problem.

2003

* Eminem becomes the new focus of a debate on hip-hop and racism after some unidentified friends of the rapper submitted a tape of him using the N-word and making several derogatory remarks about the African-American community.
* Sample lyrics from the Eminem tape: "Black girls are b****es/ That's why I'ma tell ya you better pull up your britches/'Cause all that cash is making your a** drag. On another song, he rhymes: "Black girls and white girls just don't mix/Because Black girls are dumb and white girls are good chicks."
* The Source uses the tape to renew their anti-Eminem campaign, even releasing a CD version of the "racist tape." In response, Eminem apologizes publicly and claims the rap was done out of teen angst following a break-up with a black girlfriend.

"I did and said a lot of stupid s**t when I was a kid, but that's part of growing up," said Eminem in a statement. "The tape of me rapping 15 years ago as a teenager that was recently put out by The Source in no way represents who I was then or who I am today."

* Federal investigators raid the New York offices of Murder Inc., the record label home of Ja Rule and Ashanti, as part of an ongoing investigation into label head Irv Gotti. Authorities were looking into allegations of money laundering and an alleged financial link between Gotti and a New York drug gang called the "Supreme Team."
* ODB, fresh out of jail, signs to Roc-A-Fella Records and changes his name to Dirt McGirt.

2004

* In the middle of the 2004 Vibe Awards ceremony, a man named Jimmy James Johnson approaches rap legend Dr. Dre, who was preparing to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award, and punches him in the face. A full-on brawl ensues during which Johnson gets stabbed.
* After reviewing tape of the melee, authorities identify the stabber as G-Unit rapper Young Buck, a member of Dr. Dre's entourage. Suge Knight, who also crashed the event, later denies allegations that he had promised Johnson $5000 to assault Dr. Dre.
* P.Diddy's "Citizen Change" campaign adopts the slogan 'Vote or Die' in a bid to convince young people to vote in November's U.S. Presidential elections.
* Wu-Tang member ODB dies inside a recording studio two days before his 36th birthday.

2005

* The "Miss Jones Morning Show" crew on Hot 97 FM sparks outrage by playing the "Tsunami Song," a racist parody of "We Are the World" that ridicules victims of the South Asian tidal wave that killed almost 300,000 people. The "Miss Jones" is temporarily yanked off the air.
* Jay-Z and Nas end their long-running feud at the former's Power 105.1 concert in New York.
* A 24-year-old Compton, CA native identified as Kevin Reed is hospitalized after a shooting outside the Hot 97 offices, as 50 Cent was making an appearance at the radio station to announce that The Game had been booted from G-Unit. The Game, who had appeared on Hot 97 earlier that evening, reportedly returned to the station with an undisclosed number of men and was denied entrance into the building.
* Jay-Z Dame Dash, and Kareem "Biggs" Burke sell off the remaining 50% stake of Roc-A-Fella Records to Universal's Island Def Jam for less than $10 million and go their separate ways.

2006

* Nas inks a joint-label deal with Def Jam and Columbia.
* Detroit producer/MC Jay Dee (James Yancey) dies of complications from lupus (the autoimmune disease) on February 10, 2006.
* D-12's Proof (Deshaun Holton) is shot and killed at CCC Club on East 8 Mile Road on April 10.
* Jay-Z ends his three-year break from active recording and bounces back with Kingdom Come. The album includes a diss track to Cam'ron and Jim Jones.
* Nas' Def Jam debut, Hip-Hop Is Dead, dusts up controversy and debate over its title.

2007

* Inspired by the movie 'American Gangster,' Jay-Z records a concept album by the same name. American Gangster
* On November 12, Donda West, mother of Kanye West, dies from the complications of surgery.
* KRS-One and Marley Marl put two decades of rivalry behind them and collaborate on an album titled Hip-Hop Lives
* Dipset/Byrd Gang rapper Stack Bundles (born Rayquon Elliott) is shot and killed outside his home in Queens, New York.

2008

* In the months leading up to the 2008 presidential election, Democratic nominee Barack Obama galvanized hip-hop artists into action, leading to a slew of Obama rap tributes.
* Jay-Z becomes the first rapper to headline Glastonbury, the largest greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world.
* Brooklyn MC Jamal "Gravy" Woolard is recruited to play the Biggie Smalls in the biopic Notorious.

written

Adaso, H.(2009) Top 10 Obama rap songs. Online in: http://rap.about.com [accessed on 21st of June 2009]

DANCE ELECTRONIC - MUSIC TIME LINE HISTORY

Dance/electronic music can trace its roots to four important genres:
- Disco
- Funk
- Experimental rock
- Experimental classical

And three important centers:
- Jamaica
- Central Europe (Great Britain, The Netherlands, Germany)
- North America (Detroit, Chicago, New York)

Remember: Music is not always about being real, live, or rock. Cavemen made music using sticks and stones (which would be "avant-garde music" nowadays).

DEFINITIONS


DANCE:
Most music can be classified as dance, be it slow dance or fast dance. However, dance is more appropriated to being fast (slow dance is called slow dance usually).

ELECTRONIC MUSIC:
Music manipulated by electronic machines/instruments (such as The Moog, Roland TR-808, etc.). There are two variants:

1) All music manipulated by electronic instruments/machines, dating back to the BC era

2) Dance music manipulated by electronic instruments pioneered by the fathers Kraftwerk and everything thereafter; post-Disco era, the electronic/computer age where there was a boom of synthesizers, drum machines, sequencers, etc., used to produce pop dance music.

There are exceptions however. Hip Hop/rap, despite it relying heavily on synthesizers, is not really seen as dance music and therefore electronic music. A major fact is Hip Hop¹s use of slowed down, heavily syncopated beats (more in the traditional funk vein); remember, most classify dance music with fast rhythms (although early hip hop was strictly dance through disco rap and electro-funk). Nevertheless, there are several out there that consider hip hop dance/electronic music despite its heavily syncopated and slowed down beats.

ELECTRONICA:
This term, invented by the American media, is subject to hot debate. It¹s basically another word for electronic music or worse, the ³everything techno² syndrome. Purists regard electronic music as the real and official term to describe this music although some dance/electronic music advocates use electronica in its place such as Allmusic.com, the number one Internet music authority.

INSTRUMENTS:
There are two forms of instruments, traditional (clarinets, cellos, violins, flutes, drums, saxophones, trumpets, etc.) and electronic (synthesizers, drum machines, sequencers, etc.)

TWO PHASES OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC:
1) Avant-Garde/Experimental (pre 1970s)

2) Dance/Electronic (1970s-present) (this is where house, techno, etc. fall in, post-disco synthesized dance genres); also called electronic dance

AVANT-GARDE MUSIC
Avant-garde music in the 20th century refers to electronic composition.

MAIN DANCE/ELECTRONIC GENRES:
*all in order as to what was conceived first)
Roots
Experimental classical
Experimental rock
Disco
Funk
*Breakbeat (this is where hip hop as a whole falls in when discussing dance/electronic music)
*Video game music (some video game music is danceable)
Industrial
New Age
New Wave/Synthpop
Ambient
Italo Disco
Hi-NRG/NRG
EDM (Electronic Body Music)
Electro/Electro-Funk
Techno
Freestyle (Latin Hip Hop; Latin freestyle)
House
New Beat
*Rave
Acid Jazz
*Eurodance
Trip Hop
Trance
Hardcore
Drum N Bass/Jungle
*IDM (Intelligent Dance Music)

Pre-1800s


* Machines that manipulate music have always been around since the B.C. era, but none have matched up to great success and use.

1867


* Elisha Grey (the inventor of the telephone along with Alexander Graham Bell) creates the first electronic instrument, the Electroharmonic Piano (also known as the Musical Telegraph or Harmonic Telegraph).

1890s


* Ragtime music, the precursor to jazz, is the first real American dance genre (e.g. Scott Joplin¹s ³Maple Leaf Rag²). It peaks from the 1890s-1910s.

1897


* Thaddeus Cahill invents the telharmonium, another breakthrough electronic instrument (some regard it as the first).


1900s THE BIRTH OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC AGE (pre-1970)
Experimental classical music is the first music
genre to use electronic manipulation

1910s


* Arnold Shoenberg begins to create atonal music.

1913


* Italian futurist leader painter composer Luigi Russolo foretells in his works The Art of Noises and Musica Futurista how electronic music will come to dominate the music world.

1917-1923


* Erik Satie creates Musique D¹Ameublement, ³furniture music², a precedent in minimal and ambient music.

1919-1920


* Russian composer Lev Sergeivitch Termin (Leon Theremin) invents the Thereminovox (more commonly known as the Theremin), the first commercially available electronic instrument.

1929


* The Hammond organ is created by Laurens Hammond, an electro-acoustic instrument. The organ becomes available to the general public.

1920s-1940s


* Jazz, "America's classical music", hits mainstream America and soon births a number of classic dances; Swing also forms out of jazz.

1934


* Edgar(d) Varese completes his piece "Ecuatorial".

1939


* John Milton Cage composes "Imaginary Landscape No. I", the first composition to treat "found sounds" as music material.

1942


* John Cage performs "March (Imaginary Landscape No. II)" and "Imaginary Landscape No. III".

Late 1940s


* Post World War II sees music in a progressive state due to improving technology and economic/social upturn. The seeds of rock are sown by primarily blues, jazz, folk, etc., African American artists.

* Avant garde music flourishes, experimental electronic music composed mostly by classical composers. Artists such as Karlheinz Stockhausen, Erik Satie, Arnold Shoenberg, Phillip Glass, John Cage, Isao Tomita, Oskar Sala, Mike Oldfield, Jean-Michel Jarre, Wendy (Walter) Carlos, Terry Riley, Iannis Xenakis, Elliot Carter, Steve Reich, and Moondog become some of electronic music's most important artists, influencing a number of artists. Rock artists become the first to be impacted such as:

o Artists and albums/songs containing electronic material:
*note: not electronic albums but with definitive electronic influences

Miles Davis (Bitches Brew)
Pink Floyd (Dark Side of the Moon)
Sly & The Family Stone (There's a Riot Going On)
Stevie Wonder (Music of My Mind)
Frank Zappa & The Mothers Invention (Uncle Meat)
The Beatles "Tomorrow Never Knows" (big fans of Karlheinz Stockhausen)
The Beatles "Strawberry Fields Forever"
The Beatles "Revolution No. 9"
The Beatles "A Day in the Life"
The Beatles (Revolver)
The Beatles (Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band)
The Beatles (White Album)
The Beach Boys "Good Vibrations"
The Grateful Dead (Anthem of the Sun)
King Crimson (In the Court of the Crimson King)
Herbie Hancock (Head Hunters)
Led Zeppelin "Whole Lotta Love" *middle part of song uses the Theremin
Led Zeppelin "Kashmir" Emerson, Lake, & Palmer
Yes
Deep Purple
The Silver Apples
Velvet Underground
Genesis
Gentle Giant
Dream Theater
David Bowie
Iron Maiden
Rush

o Artists such as The Beatles, Frank Zappa, Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, Black Sabbath, Mahogany Rush, Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, and Queen, to name a few, used tape manipulation/Echoplex/electronic sounds in some/few of their works taken from Musique Concrete.

o Important avant-garde music subgenres:
Minimalism
Noise
Glitch
Ambient
New Age
Lounge
Computer Music

o Ambient father Brian Eno said it best about avant-garde music: "I'm an anti-musician. I don't think the craft of music is relevant to the art of music."


1948


* Pierre Schaeffer, influenced greatly by the Italian Futurists and John Cage, inaugurates Musique Concrete (a part of avant-garde electronic music) at Paris' Radio-Diffusion-Televison Francaise (RTF); the first school for electronic music is born. In October, he broadcasts his works in "A Concert of Noises".

* Overall, Musique Concrete is the pool where the first true modern electronic music composition is born.

o Some Musique Concrete artists:

Milton Babbitt
Raymond Scott
Bruce Haack
Pierre Boulez
Pierre Henry
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Olivier Messiaen
Darius Milhaud
Iannis Xenakis
Paul Lansky
Tod Dockstader (considered the foremost Musique Concrete musician)

1949


* Schaffer and Jacques Poullin work on experiments in sound.

1949-50


* Pierre Schaeffer composes"Symphonie Pour Un Homme Seul (Symphony for a Man Alone)" which becomes the first major work of Musique Concrete and thus births sampling.

1950s


* Rock is born; Soul, rhythm & blues, doo wop music flourishes/emerges.

1951


* On October 18, the Cologne Radio System broadcasts "The World of Electronic Music".

* Karlheinz Stockhausen begins to compose Elektronische Musik.

1955


* Harry Olsen and Herbert Belar invent the synthesizer--called the Olson-Belar Sound Synthesizer--under American government pressure.

1956


* Louis and Bebe Barron become the first to produce an entirely electronic film score and soundtrack with Forbidden Planet.

1960s


* Motown (born 1959 by Berry Gordy Jr.) offers some of the finest dance music around. James Brown and Sly & The Family Stone pioneer funk music. Reggae also forms out of rock. Soul/rock records such as "Dancing in the Street" by Martha & The Vandellas, "The Twist" by Chubby Checker, "Respect" by Aretha Franklin, "Mashed Potato Theme" by Dee Dee Sharpe, "Louie Louie" by The Kingsmen, "Land of a 1,000 Dances" by Wilson Pickett, and "I Got You (I Feel Good)" by James Brown become dance classics in the annals of dance music history.

* Rock's growth ushers in the psychedelic era and soon splinters into two main variants by the 1970s: synthesized rock and traditional rock, the period of progressive rock.

1961


* Robert Moog and Herbert Deutsch invent the Moog synthesizer.

1963


* The BBC Radiophonic Workshop releases the "Theme from Dr. Who" which becomes a classic and the biggest theme in electronic music history.

* The Moog is commercialized.

1967


* The Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations" becomes the first electronic pop hit to feature electronic sounds, using the influential Theremin instrument.

1968


* King Tubby of Jamaica births the dub which will later birth the remix. The Jamaicans also invent toasting, the MC, and the DJ (turntable) which becomes important hip hop elements.

* Kraut rock emerges from Germany, characterized by rock bands playing on synthesizers.

* Wendy (Walter) Carlos releases the album Switched on Bach which becomes the first album to popularize music on synthesizers. It also becomes the best-selling classical album of all time and becomes the first classical album to go platinum. The album quickly shoots into the Billboard Top 10 of Billboard's Pop Top 200 Albums list and stays there for more than a year, earning three Grammy nominations (Best Classical Album, Best Classical Performance, Best Classical Engineered Recording).

1970s


THE BIRTH OF ELECTRONIC DANCE (POST 1970)

* Funk music reaches its prime and rock music continues to peak. Four distinct synthesized rock become very important:

Space Age Pop:
* Begun in the late 50s with the Soviet launching of Sputnik-I into space and the dawn of Hi-Fi and stereo recordings; space age pop music is used extensively in many movies, TV shows, radios, and commercials with its galactic and special sound effects. Artists include Hugo Montenegro, Lex Baxter, Guy Warren, Marty Manning, and Bob Thompson.

Space Age Rock:
* Born in the 60s and early 70s, influenced by psychedelia and kraut rock as well space age pop, full of spacial and futuristic noises. Many artists such as The Rolling Stones and The Beatles flirted with space rock.

* Artists and songs:
The Byrds ("8 Miles High")
The Tornados ("Telstar")
Pink Floyd ("Interstellar Overdrive")
Rush ("Countdown")
Elton John ("Rocket Man")
Deep Purple ("Space Truckin'")
The Carpenters ("Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft")
Creedence Clearwater Revival ("It Came Out of the Sky")
Peter Schilling-("Major Tom-Coming Home")
David Bowie ("Space Oddity", "Ziggy Stardust")

Kraut Rock:
* Kraut rock is the most important subgenre of synthesized rock influencing dance/electronic music. Artists include Can, Kraftwerk (early), Neu!, La Dusseldorf, Faust, Popul Vuh, Conrad Schnitzler, Y Amon Duul, Ash Ra Temple, and Tangerine Dream.

Kosmische Rock:
* Birthed in 1971 by Tangerine Dream, an offshoot of kraut rock. It uses more electronics than kraut rock does. Artists include Manuel Gottsching, The Cosmic Jokers, Klaus Schulze, and Rolf-Urich Kaiser.

Early 70s


* The Hip Hop culture is born in New York City with influences from Jamaica and African American life, culture and music. Important pioneers include Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa, and Kool DJ Herc (The Holy Trinity of Hip Hop) with influences from Yellowman and the original rappers The Last Poets and Gil-Scott Heron.

1970


* Kraftwerk debut under the name Organisation and release Tone Float; they become the first fully electronic band/artists.

* The minimoog becomes the first commercial portable synthesizer.

* James Brown releases "Funky Drummer" which becomes the most sampled record of all time.

* Overall, early synth music becomes big through artists such as Kraftwerk and Hot Butter which begins to impact movies, TV, and children's read-along audio cassette tapes.

1972


* Wendy Carlos releases Sonic Seasonings which becomes her second most influential album on electronic music, especially ambient music.

* Hot Butter's hit "Popcorn" becomes the first electronic pop hit.

* Pink Floyd release the influential' The Dark Side of the Moon'.

1972-1974


* Disco music, the poppier side of funk music, is born with its signature 4/4 dance sound. It popularizes the club scene and also invents the 12" and extended play (now known as club play).

1973


* King Crimson's Robert Fripp and Brian Eno release No Possyfooting, a precedent to ambient music.

* Mike Oldfield releases the minimal classic "Tubular Bells" used in The Exorcist film.

* Rick Wakeman releases The 6 Wives of Henry VIII and becomes the first electronic solo artist in history to be a pop superstar.

* Hip Hop DJ Kool "DJ" Herc connects two turntables with identical records, spins one record while delaying the other, and thus creates a break in the music; breakbeat is born.

1974


* Kraftwerk's seminal hit "Autobahn" becomes the song that will give dance/electronic music its basic pop foundation.

* Electronic music legend Isao Tomita's debut album "Snowflakes are Dancing" reaches the top 50 of the pop charts and receives 4 Grammy nominations. Tomita is called the Wendy Carlos of Japan, famous for synthesizing classical works.

1975-1976


* Industrial music, an experimental genre, is born around the same time as its cousin punk rock. However, it is too experimental to be fully realized as the first complete dance/electronic genre. Throbbing Gristle, Monte Cazazza, William S. Burroughs, Suicide, NON, Cabaret Voltaire, DAF, Clock DVA, and Portion Control stand as some of the most important Industrial artists.

* Industrial music will give rise to subgenres in the later years such as EBM, Industrial Gothic (e.g. Bauhaus), Aggro-Industrial (e.g. KMFDM), Electro Industrial (e.g. SPK), and Industrial rock (e.g. Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie).

1976


* Jean-Michel Jarre releases Oxygene which storms the charts, becoming one of the most successful albums in the history of electronic music (although many say he was making such music earlier on; this album in particular contains liner notes of what ambient music is).

* New Age music is born although several precedents have led to its full development.

1977


* Giorgio Moroder produces Donna Summer's seminal electronic disco anthem "I Feel Love" which influences dance/electronic music forever.

1978


* Brian Eno births ambient music with the album Ambient 1: Music for Airports.

* Around the post-punk phase, artists such as Gary Numan, Blondie, David Bowie, and The Human League kick start New Wave (New Wave's subgenres include the two big variants: synthpop and New Romantic).

* Italo Disco becomes the first complete dance/electronic music genre, an offshoot of Moroder¹s electronic disco, thanks to La Bionda's "One for You, One for Me". Other artists include Azoto, Fun Fun, Den Harrow, and Baltimora.

1979


* The first available digital sampler is released, the Fairlight MI (Computer Musical Instrument).

* Electronic music legend Jean-Michele Jarre holds the biggest concert ever (which will soon be broken by him again in three instances-1987, 1990, and his biggest yet in 1997 with 3.5 million in attendance). Because of his impact on music, an asteroid is later named after him- 9422 Jarre.

* Rap is born on record with acts such as the funk band The Fatback Band ("King Tim III", the first rap record) and rappers The Sugar Hill Gang ("Rapper's Delight").

* Hi-NRG is born and becomes the second complete dance/electronic music genre, evolving from Italo disco and defined by Evelyn Thomas' "High Energy". Other artists include Sylvester (later), Patrick Cowley, Hazell Dean, Miquel Brown, Sinitta, Dead or Alive, Bronski Beat, and Bad Boys Blue.

1980s


* The 80s becomes the most danceable, diverse, and crossover decade of the 20th century. Dance/electronic music will flourish as new genres are created, influencing pop music as a whole.

* The 80s is also known as the Computer/Electronic age. For the first time, video games, computers, and electronic equipment became affordable, efficient, and put to great use.

* Kraftwerk, Yellow Magic Orchestra, and Tangerine Dream continue to influence all of dance/electronic music.

* After the arcade craze of the 70s, the early 80s sees the first video game music; a new electronic music genre is born.

* Rap explodes and rivals rock in its extremity both musically and culturally.

* Sampling and the breakbeat become important features for both hip hop and dance/electronic music (in dance/electronic music, the breakbeat dispels the myth that all dance is 4/4).

1980


* The Technics 1200 turntables (a.k.a the wheels of steel) is released from Japan which becomes the standard turntable and a breakthrough in DJ device history.

1981


* The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Machine is released, a programmable drum machine using analogs (this becomes the backbone of electro and techno music).

* The emulator becomes the first affordable digital sampler.

* Pioneers D-Train and Freeez birth electronic soul, shortened to electro, the first slowed down dance/electronic music form. Artists such as The System, Yaz, Evelyn "Champagne" King, The NYC Peech Boys, and Kashif define the sound as well.

* EEBM (Electronic Body Music), a synthesis between synthpop and Industrial music, is invented by Belgian act Front 242, the first complete dark dance/electronic music genre. Artists such as The Neon Judgement, Die Krupps, Nizter Ebb, Front Line Assembly, Ministry, Severed Heads, DAF, Assemblage 23, VNV Nation, and Skinny Puppy also define the sound.

1982


* Electro-funk is born through Afrika Bambaataa & The Soul Sonic Force's seminal hip hop anthem "Planet Rock". Electro-funk steers hip hop away from the traditional disco and funk sounds and delves more into syncopation. This becomes the most sampled hip hop record of all time (James Brown's "Funky Drummer" is the most sampled record in Hip Hop). Artists such as Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five, Newcleus, Cybotron, Egyptian Lover, Mantronix, Man Parrish, Hashim, and The Jonzun Crew define the sound.

* The record births three important dance/electronic subgenres freestyle music, Miami Bass, and early techno.

1983


* MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) enables keyboards and other devices to be controlled from one central keyboard and for music to be recorded onto a sequencer.

* The TB-303 Bassline (transistor bass) is released (the backbone for acid house and trance).

* New Order releases "Blue Monday", one of the biggest selling dance/electronic 12" of all time, an electro-pop-disco-Industrial record that becomes the missing link between house and experimental music.

* Electro group Cybotron births early techno music with "Clear". Other early techno acts include Model 500 and Channel One. Later, artists such as Rhythm is Rhythm, Eddie "Flashin'" Fowlkes, Inner City, Jeff Mills, Frankie Bones, Plastikman, Underground Resistance, Moby, The Chemical Brothers, Joey Beltram, Ken Ishii, Underworld, The Orb, Adam Beyer, and Aphex Twin also define the sound.

* Freestyle music is born with Shannon's "Let the Music Play" (although some say it was born with Afrika Bambaataa & The Soul Sonic Force's "Planet Rock"). Shannon's electro record has Latin percussion and a heavy syncopated drumbeat that distinguishes her from the other electro-funk artists. Artists such as Nu Shooz, Lisa Lisa & The Cult Jam, Nayobe, T.K.A., Alisha, Debbie Deb, Collage, Expose, George Lamond, and Stevie B. define the sound.

1983-1984


* Italo Disco peaks

* New Wave/synthpop peaks

1983-1986


* Acts such as Prince and his proteges (Sheila E., The Time, Vanity 6, etc.) keep funk music alive and strong.

1984


* The last year of disco before it manifests into 'house' music.

* House music is born, updated disco with machines. Artists such as Jesse Saunders, Jomanda, Mr. Fingers, Ralphi Rosario, Ten City, Farley "Jackmaster" Keith, Masters @ Work, Steve "Silk" Hurley, C&C Music Factory, Frankie Knuckles, Cajmere, and Leftfield define the sound.

* The Roland TR-909 Drum Machine, both an analog-digital rhythm machine, is released (the backbone of house and techno).

1984-1985


* Miami Bass is born, the third hip hop dance component after electro-funk and freestyle. MC A.D.E., Amos Larkin, and The 2 Live Crew are its pioneers. Other representative artists include Sir Mix-A-Lot, 69 Boyz, Maggotron, J.J. Fad, Tag Team, L'Trimm, DJ Magic Mike, Afro-Rican, MC Shy-D, and Dynamix II.

* Electro-funk and Hi-NRG peak.

1985-1986


* New Age music begins to peak in its first phase.

1986-1987


* Detroit house (a.k.a. Detroit techno) is born with pioneers such as Kevin Saunderson, Juan Atkins, and Derrick "The Innovator" Mays.

* World music ("ethnic", Eastern music) becomes marketable with the pioneering efforts of Peter Gabriel and Paul Simon. Artists such as Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Savuka & Johnny Clegg meet with mainstream success.

1987


* Phuture's seminal house track "Acid Trax" creates acid music which influences techno, trance, and other dance/electronic music.

* The rave scene grows in connection to club designer drugs such as ecstasy and acid music.

* Belgian new beat emerges with artists such as Jade 4 U, Public Relations, Lords of Acid, The Confettis, Lisa M., and A Taste of Sugar.

1987-1989


* EBM, Freestyle, and Miami Bass peak.

1987-1992


* The Golden Age of Hip Hop (roughly 1986-1993) ensues with acts such as Eric B. & Rakim, Run DMC, Queen Latifah, De La Soul, L.L. Cool J, and Roxanne Shante.

1987-Early '90s


* Techno and house music peak.

1988


* Dance/electronic music's "Summer of Love"; dance/electronic music begins to move to Europe.

* Ibiza, a Balearic island off the coast of Spain, begins to be the dance/electronic club capital of the world, bought strictly for tourism and clubbing.

1989


* Acid jazz emerges from the Acid Jazz label in Britain as a slowed component of dance/electronic music. Artists such as US3, Digable Planets, Incognito, The Brand New Heavies, Galliano, The James Taylor Quartet, and Jamiroquai define this sound.

1989-1991


* Although started in 1989 by the Wild Bunch collective, trip hop music begins to meet mainstream success with acts such as Portishead and Massive Attack in the early 90s. This becomes the last biggest downtempo genre in dance/electronic music. Representative artists include Des'ree, The Sugarcubes, Air, and Morcheeba.

* Downtempo subgenres:
Ambient
Lounge
Chillout
Soundscapes
Downbeat
Illbient
Trip hop
Acid jazz

Late 80s-early 90s


* New Age peaks during its second phase. Artists such as Enya ("Orinoco Flow-Sail Away", "Only Time") and Enigma ("Sadeness Part I", "Return to Innocence") meet mainstream success.

* Ambient techno and ambient house acts such as Orbital ("Chime"), Future Sound of London ("Papua New Guinea"), The Orb ("Little Fluffy Clouds"), and 808 State ("Pacific State") also chart in the Top 40 and bring club music to cafes. Ambient techno artists such as Aphex Twin ("Xtal") and The KLF ("Madrugada Eterna") will influence dance/electronic music in the 90s.

* Eurodance rises through acts such as Culture Beat, Cappella, B.G. the Prince of Rap, MC Sar & The Real McCoy, Captain Hollywood, and Ice MC.

1990s


* Rave music peaks as dance/electronic music meets mainstream success. Artists such as SNAP!, MC Sar & The Real McCoy, C&C Music Factory, 2 Unlimited, and Moby become world renowned artists. Even pop acts such as Aretha Franklin ("A Deeper Love"), Madonna ("Ray of Light"), Whitney Houston ("I'm Every Woman"), Mariah Carey ("Emotions"), Michael Jackson ("Black or White"), Cher ("Believe"), MC Hammer ("U Can't Touch This"), and Will Smith ("Gettin' Jiggy Wit It") have massive dance hits.

* The whole of Europe is immersed in dance/electronic music and begins to revolutionize the sound with new subgenres such as Eurodance, a mixture of Hi-NRG and house (often the cheesy dance music), trip hop, acid jazz, and jungle/D&B.

* The media ignorantly begins to coin this mainstream dance/electronic music as "techno". In truth, techno is a subgenre within dance/electronic music and far from what the media interprets (see 1983).

1990


* Age of Love's "Age of Love" births trance music. Trance music soon becomes one of the biggest dance/electronic subgenres ever, ranking with house and techno music. Artists such as Energy 52, Paul Oakenfold, Paul Van Dyk, B.T., DJ Tiesto, Art of Trance, Hallucinogen, Gouryella, Ferry Corsten, and Union Jack define the sound as well.

1990-1992


* Hardcore music emerges (and peaks), becoming the fastest music in the world. Artists such as Mescalinum United, Atari Teenage Riot, Marshall Masters, Manix, and Rotterdam Termination Source define the sound.

1992


* Jungle music (and later Drum N Bass) arises with acts such as 4 Hero, DJ SS, Goldie, Roni Size, Grooverider, Omni Trio, Adam F., Dillinja, LTJ Bukem, and AK1200.

* The Entertainment Act controls raves and club music.

1992-1993


* IDM (Intelligent Dance music) emerges, combining elements of "high-brow" music with various dance/electronic subgenres. The music is an antithesis to the annoying and cheesy dance that has been embraced by the mainstream. 2 Lone Swordsmen, Squarepusher, Amon Tobin, Bochum Welt, Autechre, Uziq, Spring Heel Jack, and Aphex Twin constantly push music into the way of avant-gardism.

1994


* The Criminal Justice Act of the U.K. prohibits raves and forces them back into the clubs.

1995


* Drum N Bass evolves out of jungle; thus, the term is now jungle/D&B.

1996-1998


* Jungle/Drum N Bass music peaks.

1998-1999


* Trance music peaks.

2003


* On April 10, the U.S. senate and house pass the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act (formerly the R.A.V.E. act of 2002), stating that the club property owner can be jailed for up to 20 years if their customers commit any drug offence. The whole club industry is affected.



Notable avant-garde works:
*exact or roughly the years; some indicate a span of two years.

* 50s
John Cage- Music of Changes (1951)
Elliot Cook Carter- Quartet I (1951)
John Cage- Imaginary Landscape No. 5 (1952) *becomes 1st piece of music using magnetic tape.
Karlheinz Stockhausen- Studie I/Studie II (1953)
Edgar(d) Varese- Deserts (1954)
Karlheinz Stockhausen- Gesang Der Junglinge (1955)
Bruno Maderna- Musica Su Due Dimensioni (1957) *1st electro-acoustic composition.
Edgar(d) Varese- Poeme Electronique (1958) *performed at the World's Fair in Brussels, Belgium; one of the 1st large-scale multimedia performances.
Karlheinz Stockhausen- Kontakte (1959)
Otto Luening & Vladiner Ussachevsky- Rhapsodie Variations (for Louisville Symphony) *1st to combine orchestra and tape.
Elliot Cook Carter- Quartet II (1959)

* 60s
John Cage- Cartridge Music (1960)
La Monte Young- The Tortoise and His Dreams and Journeys (1964)
La Monte Young- A Well Turned Piano (1964)
Terry Riley- In C (1964) *brought minimalism to the forefront
Steve Reich- It's Gonna Rain (1965)
Tod Dockstader- Apocalypse (1966)
Tod Dockstader- Quartermass (1966)
Karlheinz Stockhausen- Hymnen (1967)
Wendy (Walter) Carlos- Switched on Bach (1967)
Morton Subotnick- Silver Apples of the Moon Part I (1967)
Morton Subotnick- The Wild Bull (1967)
Morton Subotnick- Touch (1968)
Terry Riley- Rainbow of a Curved Air (1969)

* 70s
Steve Reich- Drumming (1971)
Phillip Glass- Music in 12 Parts (1974)
Steve Reich- Music for 18 Musicians (1974-1976)
Phillip Glass- Einstein on the Beach (1976)

* 80s
Steve Reich- Desert Music (1984)
John Coolidge Adams- Nixon in China (1987) *won the Grammy for Best Contemporary Composition in 1989.

B Jeff. (2009). Dance Electronic Timeline. Online in: http://digitaldreamdoor.nutsie.com/pages/best_timeline-elec.html. [accessed on: 24th of June 2009]